Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
____36____ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ____37____ Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ____38____ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱)paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision. ____39____ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ____40____ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
选项(7 个,其中 2 个多余)
A.Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C.The second draft of the essay should be better.
D.First of all, lean the technique of nonstop writing.
E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F.Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
G.Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
____36____ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ____37____ Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ____38____Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱)paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision. ____39____As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ____40____The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
衔接词=前后句里起衔接作用的词或短语。它要么指代前句中某个信息(this、that、these people、this book),要么表明上下句的逻辑关系(so、but、however、even、moreover)。 标红的原则:只标这一篇真正用得上的那个词——句内用的不算:本句里的 and、举例用的 such as、定语从句的 that,都不标;跟这五个空无关的句子里也不标。
② 情况一前后句有衔接词——衔接词定方向,再用前后句的语义确认。这一空是逻辑衔接词 · 转折(后句 Yet)。
前句The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.
后句Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱)paper.
关键信息词write your draft rapidly … without worrying about being perfect(快速写草稿、别求完美)Yet(然而)live with imperfection(容忍不完美)前句说快速写草稿别求完美,后句用 Yet 一转说学会容忍不完美能省麻烦——两句在谈同一件事:对待「不完美」的两种态度。
③ 如何判断?前句在谈第二个技巧是快速写草稿、别要求完美;后句用 Yet 一转,说学会容忍不完美能省掉一堆麻烦。Yet 要转得过来,中间空的句子说的得是相反的做法——大多数人恰恰想一次就写对。剩下的 7 项里,只有 E 说的是这个:Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.,与后句的 live with imperfection 正好是正反两面;A 讲字要写工整、B 讲跟着思绪走、C 讲第二稿要更好、D 讲不停笔地写、F 讲留修改空间、G 讲重打一份,都不是「想一次写对」这个相反的做法。因此,选 E。
选定E · Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
① 判位置前后都有句子:前句说打出三倍行距留出修改空间,后句是 As a result 的结果 → 段中。
② 情况一前后句有衔接词——衔接词定方向,再用前后句的语义确认。这一空是指代衔接词(后句 these writers)+ 逻辑衔接词 · 因果(后句 As a result)。
前句The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revision.
后句As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.
关键信息词triple-spaced … allow space for revision(三倍行距、留出修改空间)these writers never get in the habit(这些人养不成习惯)don’t leave enough space to revise(没留出足够的修改空间)前句说打印三倍行距好留出修改空间,后句说这些作家养不成划掉大段、在空白处改写的习惯——两句在谈同一件事:稿子上有没有地方可改。
③-1 收范围前句在谈第三个技巧——打印一份三倍行距的稿子,好留出修改空间;后句开口就是 As a result,接着说 these writers 养不成划掉大块、在空白处改写的习惯。these writers 要指代中间空的句子里刚提到的一群人,As a result 又要求中间空的句子正是这个结果的原因。剩下的 6 项里,谈「修改空间」的有 F、G 两项:F 说初学写作者不留够修改空间,G 说重打一份、还是设成三倍行距。
③-2 锁定再看 these writers 指谁:它要中间空的句子先摆出一群人。G 讲的是重打一份稿子,没有提人;台上还在的、提到作者的只有 F——Many beginning writers 正好给 these writers 当指代对象,而「不留修改空间」正是后句「养不成在空白处改的习惯」的原因,As a result 也接得住。因此,选 F。
选定F · Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
④ 补段义技巧三:打出三倍行距的稿子,留出修改空间
⑤ 全文排除
条件1 现在清楚全文的主题了吗?
答:清楚,全文讲的是让写文章变容易的三个技巧。注:如果还不清楚,就不要做排除的判断。
条件2 剩下的选项里有没有哪个在全篇找不到位置?
答:选项 C 说「第二稿应该更好」,可全文讲的是三个技巧(不停笔地写、快速写完草稿、留出修改空间),从头到尾没把稿子分成第一稿、第二稿。因此,选项 C 被排除,从下一空起不再进选项。
② 情况一前后句有衔接词——衔接词定方向,再用前后句的语义确认。这一空是指代衔接词(后句 The resulting blank space)。
前句After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.
后句The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
关键信息词enter your changes into your word processor(把改动敲进文字处理器)The resulting blank space(由此产生的空白)print out a fresh draft … triple-space(重打一份、还是三倍行距)前句说改到乱得没法再改就把改动敲进电脑,后句说由此产生的空白会邀请你继续改——两句在谈同一件事:新稿子上的空白从哪来。
③ 如何判断?前句在谈等你把草稿改到乱得没法再改,就把改动敲进文字处理器;后句说「由此产生的空白」会邀请你继续修改——The resulting blank space 说明这个空白得是中间空的句子造出来的,而且还得是三倍行距那种空白。剩下的 4 项里,只有 G 说的是这个:重打一份、还是设成三倍行距,才有后句那个「由此产生的空白」;A 讲字要写工整、B 讲跟着思绪走、D 讲不停笔地写,都造不出这个空白。因此,选 G。
选定G · Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
后句Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
关键信息词Stay loose and free(放松、随意)Don’t worry about grammar or spelling(别管语法拼写)follow the waves of thought(跟着思绪走)前句要放松随意,后句要别管语法拼写、先把想法攒起来——两句在谈同一件事:写的时候别约束自己。
③ 如何判断?前句在谈放松、随意;后句在谈别管语法和拼写,也还是放松,而且是把前句那句话挑明了说。中间空的句子也一定与「别约束自己」有关。剩下的 3 项里,只有 B 说的是这一类:your pen 回扣前句刚说的把笔放到纸上,follow the waves of thought 就是 Stay loose and free 的意思,也对得上后句「别管语法拼写」;A 说一定要把字写工整,跟后句直接顶着,D 讲先学不停笔地写是下一段的事。因此,选 B。
选定B · Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
④ 补段义技巧一(续):让笔跟着思绪走,先别管语法和拼写
⑤ 全文排除
条件1 现在清楚全文的主题了吗?
答:清楚,全文讲的是让写文章变容易的三个技巧。注:如果还不清楚,就不要做排除的判断。
条件2 剩下的选项里有没有哪个在全篇找不到位置?
答:选项 A 说「一定要把字写工整」,可全文三个技巧没有一处落在书写上,而且它跟后句的 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling 直接顶着。因此,选项 A 被排除,从下一空起不再进选项。
② 情况二前后句没有衔接词——只读前句与后句各在说什么,推演中间缺哪一层意思。上段末说到三个简单技巧。
前句(上段末:However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.)
后句When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.
关键信息词practice three simple techniques(学会三个简单技巧)write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes(连写十到十五分钟)First of all … nonstop writing(先学不停笔地写)上段末说学会三个简单技巧写文章会容易些,后句紧接着解释笔不离纸连写十到十五分钟——两句在谈同一件事:第一个技巧是什么。
③ 如何判断?上段末刚说「学会三个简单技巧,写文章会容易些」;空在本段第一句,要么引出本段,要么实现上下段的衔接——它该把第一个技巧点出来。后句紧接着解释的就是:笔不离纸、连写十到十五分钟。剩下的选项只剩 D:First of all 正对「三个技巧」里的第一个,learn the technique of nonstop writing 又正好被后句解释。因此,选 D。
选定D · First of all, lean the technique of nonstop writing.
④ 补段义技巧一:先学不停笔地写,把想法攒起来
第五步 · 收尾 —— 段义、答案、剩下那 2 项
4 段段义(解题过程中一句句补出来的)
段
这段在干什么
第1段
第1段(开头):写文章对多数人很难,但学会三个简单技巧会容易些
第2段
技巧一:不停笔地写十到十五分钟,先把想法攒起来
第3段
技巧二:草稿快速写完,别追求一次到位
第4段
技巧三:打出三倍行距的稿子,改到乱了就重打一份
答案速查(按题号)
空
类型
正确项
36
段首
First of all, lean the technique of nonstop writing.
37
段中
Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
38
段中
Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
39
段中
Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
40
段中
Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
回顾:那 2 项为什么进不去
项
选项
为何排除
A
Make sure your handwriting is neat.
它说一定要把字写工整,可第 37 空后面紧接着就是 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling,两句直接顶着;而且全篇三个技巧(不停写、快速写草稿、留修改空间)没有一处落在书写上。