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从句系统课

第6课：定语从句(下) — 关系副词 + as vs which
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从句系统课 · 第6课
定语从句(下) — 关系副词与 as
when/where/why · 介词+which · as vs which 非限定性
本课要点
① when/where/why 在定语从句中扮演状语——与名词性从句中不同
② 介词 + which = 高端替换——in which = where, for which = why
③ as vs which 非限定性定语从句——as 是"心照不宣"，which 是"顺便告诉你"
本课亮点
as 是整个从句体系中最精彩的考点之一——位置自由、语义微妙、高考必考
关系副词 vs 介词+which 的替换，回扣你的"关节"框架——它们扮演的角色完全一样（状语）
① 关系副词
② 介词+which
③ as vs which(上)
④ as vs which(下)
⑤ 练习总结
①
关系副词 when / where / why — 在定语从句中扮演状语
它们不只是"引导从句"——它们回答时间/地点/原因
关系副词在定语从句中连接 + 扮演状语。
判断方法：去掉连接词后从句主谓宾完整但缺时间/地点/原因 → 关系副词。
关系副词修辞从句中角色例句
when时间名词时间状语 I remember the day when we first met.
where地点名词地点状语 This is the house where I grew up.
whyreason原因状语 That's the reason why I was late.
⚠ 与第4课（名从·关系副词）的关键区别
名词性从句中，when/where/why 引导主/宾/表/同位语从句——整个从句充当一个名词
定语从句中，when/where/why 引导定语从句——整个从句修饰一个名词

对比：
I remember when he came. → 名词性（宾语从句）—"他什么时候来的"= 宾语
I remember the day when he came. → 定语从句 — 修饰"the day"
when 的特殊情况
先行词不一定是"day"——任何时间名词都可：year, month, moment, time, occasion 等等。
There are times when you need to say no.
The moment when I saw her, I knew.
1/5
②
介词 + which — 关系副词的"高端替换"
in which = where / for which = why / on which = when
关系副词 = 介词 + which 的合写形式。
它们扮演的角色完全一样——都是状语。区别只在写作风格。
关系副词= 介词 + which例句
whenin / on / at / during which The year when I was born = in which
wherein / at / to which The house where I live = in which
whyfor which The reason why = for which
选哪个介词？看从句
介词 + which 中的介词由从句本身决定：

the house in which I live — 因为 "live in a house" → in
the desk on which I put the book — 因为 "put on the desk" → on
the pen with which I wrote — 因为 "write with a pen" → with

判断口诀：把从句中的动词和先行词配对，看中间缺什么介词。
This is the house in which I grew up. grow up in a house → in which = This is the house where I grew up.
⚠ 一个常见坑
学生经常误以为任意关系副词都能用任意介词+which替换。不对——when/where/why 各有其固定对应：
when → in/on/during which（时间）
where → in/at which（地点）
why → for which（原因）
不能写 the reason in which ✗，必须写 for which。
2/5
③
as vs which（上）—— 位置与能力
as 可以站在句首——which 不行
as 和 which 都能引导非限定性定语从句、指代整个主句。
区别一：位置——as 句首句尾都能站，which 只能站句尾。
位置aswhich
句首✅❌
句中✅❌
句尾✅✅
As is known to all, he won the prize. 句首 ✅ — "正如众所周知（直译：这就是所有人都知道的事），他获奖了。"
✗Which is known to all, he won the prize. — ❌ which 不能站句首
He won the prize, as we expected. 句尾 ✅ — "正如我们所料（直译：这就是我们预料到的事），他获奖了。"
He won the prize, which surprised us. 句尾 ✅ — "他获奖了，这让我们很惊讶。"
关键：as 在从句中扮演角色
很多学生因为"正如"的翻译，误以为 as 是连词。实际上，as 是关系代词——它在从句中扮演主/宾角色。

He failed, as we expected.（"这就是我们预料到的事"）
→ as = expected 的宾语

As is known to all, he won.（"这件事为所有人所知"）
→ as = is known 的主语
3/5
④
as vs which（下）—— 语义与译文诀窍
as 是"心照不宣"，which 是"顺便告诉你"
as = "正如"——指代从句内容，含"你我都知道这回事"的一致性
which = "这（件事）"——纯指代先行内容，陈述一个新事实
as — "心照不宣"
He failed the test, as we expected.

"正如我们所料，他考砸了。"
（直译：这就是我们预料到的事）

👉 "预期"和"结果"吻合
👉 as = expect 的宾语
which — "顺便告诉你"
He failed the test, which surprised us.

"他考砸了，这让我们很惊讶。"

👉 单纯指代"考砸"这件事
👉 陈述新信息
👉 which = surprised 的主语
搭配习惯（as 的"朋友圈"）
as 高频搭配：as is known / as is said / as is reported / as we know / as you can see / as I expected / as I predicted
which 高频搭配：which surprised / which delighted / which disappointed / which made us

翻译诀窍：as = "正如……" / which = "，这……"
⚠ 翻译关键：不丢宾语
你之前指出的——"正如我们所料"容易让学生看不到 as 在从句中扮演的宾语角色。解决方法：

通顺译在前 + 直译在括号里
He failed, as we expected.
→ 正如我们所料（直译：这就是我们预料到的事），他考砸了。

括号里的直译把 as 在从句中的宾语角色显性化——学生不会误会 as 是连词。
快速判断：以下两个句子中的连接词分别是什么性质？
A. As is reported, the president will visit Japan.
B. As he was tired, he went to bed early.
A=关系代词，B=连词
A=连词，B=关系代词
4/5
⑤
练习与总结 — 定语从句全景收网
三道综合题 + 上/下两课合并总结
练习1：空格填什么关系副词？
This is the reason ___ I didn't come.
why
where
when
练习2：把 where 改成 介词 + which
This is the hospital where I was born.
in which
for which
练习3：句子中 as 或 which 应该填什么？
___ I expected, the movie was disappointing.
As
Which
定语从句(上+下) · 总结
1限定 vs 非限定：有无逗号。有逗号 = 不能用 that。
2关系代词：that/which = 物（主/宾）；who/whom = 人（主/宾）；whose = 定。
3五条铁律：最高级/序数词/only+very+last/人+物/all-everything-nothing → 只用 that。
4关系副词：when/where/why = 介词+which。在从句中扮演状语。
5as vs which：as 能站句首（关系代词），which 不能。as = "心照不宣"，which = "顺便告诉你"。
下节课预告：状语从句(上) — 9类状语从句总览，时间/原因/条件/让步四大类精讲。
5/5
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